Did the Great Scientific Frauds Stem from Rogue Actors Exploiting Inherent Scientific Trust?34 則有來源的主張、爭議事實與證據

Topic summary

Major scientific frauds are driven by exceptional individual deception that weaponizes peer review's reliance on good faith.

Key research questions

• Investigate "The Great Scientific Fraud Cases" from this distinct point of divergence: Individual Malpractice and Abused Trust.

Important claims and supporting citations

• Anil Potti's fabricated predictors were applied to 117 patients in Duke clinical trials, and ORI found he falsely reported that 6 of 33 patients responded in a grant application where none of the 4 enrolled patients responded.

  • https://ori.hhs.gov/images/ddblock/march_vol22_no2.pdf
  • https://ori.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/march_vol23_no1.pdf
  • https://ori.hhs.gov/case-summary-eric-t-poehlman

• Seven of eight patients who received experimental synthetic-trachea transplants from Paolo Macchiarini died, leading a Swedish court to determine the procedures violated science and proven experience.

  • https://www.science.org/content/article/final-report-stapel-affair-points-bigger-problems-social-psychology
  • https://www.science.org/content/article/karolinska-releases-english-translation-misconduct-report-trachea-surgeon
  • https://www.science.org/content/article/hwang-indicted-fraud-embezzlement

• Dong-Pyou Han altered electronic neutralization-assay data to show false HIV antibody activity, which was presented at seven symposia between 2010 and 2012 and in NIH grant applications.

  • https://ori.hhs.gov/images/ddblock/march_vol22_no2.pdf
  • https://ori.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/march_vol23_no1.pdf
  • https://ori.hhs.gov/case-summary-eric-t-poehlman

• Anil Potti manually reversed responder status for 24 of 133 subjects, switched recurrence classifications for 46 of 89 samples, and altered IC-50 and R-code values provided to the National Cancer Institute.

  • https://ori.hhs.gov/images/ddblock/march_vol22_no2.pdf
  • https://ori.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/march_vol23_no1.pdf
  • https://ori.hhs.gov/case-summary-eric-t-poehlman

• Hwang Woo-suk's team fabricated DNA fingerprints, teratoma and embryoid-body photographs, MHC-HLA matching, and karyotyping evidence in their 2005 Science paper.

  • https://www.science.org/content/article/final-report-stapel-affair-points-bigger-problems-social-psychology
  • https://www.science.org/content/article/karolinska-releases-english-translation-misconduct-report-trachea-surgeon
  • https://www.science.org/content/article/hwang-indicted-fraud-embezzlement

• Andrew Wakefield altered medical histories, diagnoses, timelines, and histopathology results for all 12 children in his 1998 Lancet paper.

  • https://bmj.com/content/342/bmj.c7452
  • https://www.science.org/content/article/final-report-stapel-affair-points-bigger-problems-social-psychology
  • https://www.science.org/content/article/karolinska-releases-english-translation-misconduct-report-trachea-surgeon

• Hwang Woo-suk's research group obtained 2,236 oocytes from 122 women, far exceeding publicly reported figures, while fabricating supporting data for two Science papers.

  • https://www.science.org/content/article/final-report-stapel-affair-points-bigger-problems-social-psychology
  • https://www.science.org/content/article/karolinska-releases-english-translation-misconduct-report-trachea-surgeon
  • https://www.science.org/content/article/hwang-indicted-fraud-embezzlement

• John Darsee was caught at Harvard in May 1981 misrepresenting minutes of data collection as lasting two weeks, culminating in an NIH finding of fraud across 17 retracted papers.

  • https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/bioethics/timeline