# There should be strong guardrails for Frontier Large Language Models: 37 Sourced Claims, Contested Facts & Evidence The strongest public case in favor of There should be strong guardrails for Frontier Large Language Models. Authors: joe HTML: https://moyomap.com/maps/there-should-be-strong Markdown: https://moyomap.com/maps/there-should-be-strong.md License: HTML and markdown are for reading and citation. Bulk copying and AI training need a written license. See /terms and /developers#maps-data. Cite a claim as: MoyoMap, "There should be strong guardrails for Frontier Large Language Models: 37 Sourced Claims, Contested Facts & Evidence", claim {id}, https://moyomap.com/maps/there-should-be-strong.md#{id}. “Moyo, a product of SenTeGuard Inc.” ### Frontier large language models are typically defined as systems operating at or beyond 10^25 to 10^26 integer… Id: claim_04d8ce80c69a94665e9f9d7b Parent: topic_kKC1P0IXSL9W2qa7Bwg6 Depth: 1 Frontier large language models are typically defined as systems operating at or beyond 10^25 to 10^26 integer or floating-point operations (FLOPs). Labels: Inferred, Low ### The U.S. Id: claim_32a50417b60f0618bd3453d2 Parent: topic_kKC1P0IXSL9W2qa7Bwg6 Depth: 1 The U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) established the U.S. AI Safety Institute to formulate technical guidelines for frontier foundation models. Labels: Inferred, Low ### In July 2023, Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei testified that frontier AI models could assist in the deployment of… Id: claim_358c0bf34e8deaf64bd4bc8a Parent: topic_kKC1P0IXSL9W2qa7Bwg6 Depth: 1 In July 2023, Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei testified that frontier AI models could assist in the deployment of chemical and biological weapons within two to three years. Labels: Source-linked, High ### The UK Department for Science, Innovation and Technology published an international AI safety report in 2025. Id: claim_393c33879cfd145ab5b6efa7 Parent: topic_kKC1P0IXSL9W2qa7Bwg6 Depth: 1 The UK Department for Science, Innovation and Technology published an international AI safety report in 2025. Labels: Source-linked, Low ### The Frontier Model Forum was formed in July 2023 by leading AI labs to advance standardized capability evalua… Id: claim_3ff4006318658c155ac7924e Parent: topic_kKC1P0IXSL9W2qa7Bwg6 Depth: 1 The Frontier Model Forum was formed in July 2023 by leading AI labs to advance standardized capability evaluations and safety benchmarks. Labels: Source-linked, Low ### At the May 2024 Seoul AI Summit, 16 AI developer organizations signed the Frontier AI Safety Commitments, ple… Id: claim_443da9b71b67248ca75dc857 Parent: topic_kKC1P0IXSL9W2qa7Bwg6 Depth: 1 At the May 2024 Seoul AI Summit, 16 AI developer organizations signed the Frontier AI Safety Commitments, pledging to publish safety frameworks and halt deployment if risks breach thresholds. Labels: Inferred, Medium ### The Bletchley Declaration, signed by 28 nations in November 2023, established the necessity of international… Id: claim_5408bf8e0e0c0e3f259be13f Parent: topic_kKC1P0IXSL9W2qa7Bwg6 Depth: 1 The Bletchley Declaration, signed by 28 nations in November 2023, established the necessity of international cooperation on frontier AI safety. Labels: Inferred, Low ### The Senate Judiciary Committee held hearings regarding the oversight of AI principles for regulation. Id: claim_5a19ab896aa225a75368a1be Parent: topic_kKC1P0IXSL9W2qa7Bwg6 Depth: 1 The Senate Judiciary Committee held hearings regarding the oversight of AI principles for regulation. Labels: Source-linked, Low ### Strong guardrails are intended to protect critical infrastructure, such as power grids and financial systems,… Id: claim_5fd5127ac9a08d38e4d8c12d Parent: topic_kKC1P0IXSL9W2qa7Bwg6 Depth: 1 Strong guardrails are intended to protect critical infrastructure, such as power grids and financial systems, from autonomous systemic disruptions. Labels: Inferred, Medium ### California Senate Bill 53 (Transparency in Frontier AI Act) was introduced to establish standardized transpar… Id: claim_83d8c2ec9e9aec20ffe5e3f3 Parent: topic_kKC1P0IXSL9W2qa7Bwg6 Depth: 1 California Senate Bill 53 (Transparency in Frontier AI Act) was introduced to establish standardized transparency and safety reporting for frontier developers exceeding 10^26 FLOPs. Labels: Source-linked, Medium ### In May 2023, over 700 AI scientists, researchers, and tech executives signed a public statement identifying A… Id: claim_8446520a0bc1267185acdcb6 Parent: topic_kKC1P0IXSL9W2qa7Bwg6 Depth: 1 In May 2023, over 700 AI scientists, researchers, and tech executives signed a public statement identifying AI extinction risk as a global priority comparable to pandemics and nuclear war. Labels: Inferred, Medium ### The EU AI Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1689) classifies models exceeding 10^25 cumulative training FLOPs as carr… Id: claim_b810f97fcd712599b0551ece Parent: topic_kKC1P0IXSL9W2qa7Bwg6 Depth: 1 The EU AI Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1689) classifies models exceeding 10^25 cumulative training FLOPs as carrying systemic risk. Labels: Inferred, Medium ### Tracking compute infrastructure for high-end processors (GPUs and TPUs) is proposed as a method to enforce sa… Id: claim_bb3b5fafd18a190c13f4e03b Parent: topic_kKC1P0IXSL9W2qa7Bwg6 Depth: 1 Tracking compute infrastructure for high-end processors (GPUs and TPUs) is proposed as a method to enforce safety rules without intrusive surveillance. Labels: Inferred, Medium ### The Center for AI Safety issued a statement on AI risk advocating for guardrails. Id: claim_dae77925ce0407994ea79bde Parent: topic_kKC1P0IXSL9W2qa7Bwg6 Depth: 1 The Center for AI Safety issued a statement on AI risk advocating for guardrails. Labels: Source-linked, Low ### President Joe Biden signed Executive Order 14110 on October 30, 2023, invoking the Defense Production Act reg… Id: claim_fd29e00f8ab61f5169c7c248 Parent: topic_kKC1P0IXSL9W2qa7Bwg6 Depth: 1 President Joe Biden signed Executive Order 14110 on October 30, 2023, invoking the Defense Production Act regarding AI safety. Labels: Source-linked, Medium ### AI Safety Risks and Capabilities Id: section_aa5044854f7cd732e1b1584a Parent: topic_kKC1P0IXSL9W2qa7Bwg6 Depth: 1 AI Safety Risks and Capabilities Labels: Inferred, Low ### Brookings Institution Arguments Id: section_abe085b57f698f3582ba8218 Parent: topic_kKC1P0IXSL9W2qa7Bwg6 Depth: 1 Brookings Institution Arguments Labels: Inferred, Low ### California Senate Bill 1047 Id: section_bfbb700029a27a691e5de728 Parent: topic_kKC1P0IXSL9W2qa7Bwg6 Depth: 1 California Senate Bill 1047 Labels: Inferred, Low ### Model Auditing and Evaluation Id: section_e6bf21800495ec48324381c0 Parent: topic_kKC1P0IXSL9W2qa7Bwg6 Depth: 1 Model Auditing and Evaluation Labels: Inferred, Low #### Mandatory third-party model auditing is argued to protect enterprise deployers from inheriting liability and… Id: claim_09bf72b2c374cc850dc34eab Parent: section_e6bf21800495ec48324381c0 Depth: 2 Mandatory third-party model auditing is argued to protect enterprise deployers from inheriting liability and security vulnerabilities from model providers. Labels: Inferred, Medium #### Anthropic's Responsible Scaling Policy (RSP) defines AI Safety Levels (ASL) and commits to pausing deployment… Id: claim_18a094f54cdd3cd6450b8c7d Parent: claim_443da9b71b67248ca75dc857 Depth: 2 Anthropic's Responsible Scaling Policy (RSP) defines AI Safety Levels (ASL) and commits to pausing deployment if biosecurity or cyber risk standards are not met. Labels: Inferred, Medium #### California Senate Bill 1047 was introduced in February 2024 by State Senator Scott Wiener. Id: claim_2b575934c2a7ac49c01fb57c Parent: section_bfbb700029a27a691e5de728 Depth: 2 California Senate Bill 1047 was introduced in February 2024 by State Senator Scott Wiener. Labels: Source-linked, Medium #### The Brookings Institution argues that voluntary corporate self-regulation is insufficient because firms can w… Id: claim_331c9f6a6a3f67c336b15ea7 Parent: section_abe085b57f698f3582ba8218 Depth: 2 The Brookings Institution argues that voluntary corporate self-regulation is insufficient because firms can weaken commitments under market pressure. Labels: Source-linked, Medium #### The International Scientific Report on the Safety of Advanced AI concluded that advanced AI systems present r… Id: claim_a36728793ffa1455c1ee14b7 Parent: section_aa5044854f7cd732e1b1584a Depth: 2 The International Scientific Report on the Safety of Advanced AI concluded that advanced AI systems present risks in cyber offense, automated weaponization, and autonomous evasion. Labels: Inferred, Medium #### Independent pre-deployment evaluations are recommended because developers face conflicts of interest when eva… Id: claim_b9292b9708d6b96103583ed6 Parent: section_e6bf21800495ec48324381c0 Depth: 2 Independent pre-deployment evaluations are recommended because developers face conflicts of interest when evaluating their own models. Labels: Inferred, Medium #### Frontier models may lower barriers for non-state actors to plan biological and cyber assaults by automating i… Id: claim_f7caef7af1d6a02b81b5d508 Parent: section_aa5044854f7cd732e1b1584a Depth: 2 Frontier models may lower barriers for non-state actors to plan biological and cyber assaults by automating information retrieval and troubleshooting. Labels: Inferred, High ##### Governor Gavin Newsom vetoed SB 1047 on September 29, 2024. Id: claim_05a87dfbbd9a84256c680da3 Parent: claim_2b575934c2a7ac49c01fb57c Depth: 3 Governor Gavin Newsom vetoed SB 1047 on September 29, 2024. Labels: Inferred, High ##### SB 1047 was co-sponsored by the Center for AI Safety (CAIS) Action Fund, Economic Security California Action,… Id: claim_0c7c6e05dd3da8217dc279d8 Parent: claim_2b575934c2a7ac49c01fb57c Depth: 3 SB 1047 was co-sponsored by the Center for AI Safety (CAIS) Action Fund, Economic Security California Action, and Encode Justice. Labels: Inferred, Low ##### The Brookings Institution argues that limited liability shields shareholders while externalizing the cost of… Id: claim_22e989951fd96c402bf2d9b6 Parent: claim_331c9f6a6a3f67c336b15ea7 Depth: 3 The Brookings Institution argues that limited liability shields shareholders while externalizing the cost of catastrophic model failures onto the public. Labels: Source-linked, High ##### Ex-post legal remedies are argued to be insufficient for compensating irreversible systemic damage, such as t… Id: claim_2a04e66b78afba900b2c719e Parent: claim_331c9f6a6a3f67c336b15ea7 Depth: 3 Ex-post legal remedies are argued to be insufficient for compensating irreversible systemic damage, such as the engineering of a novel pathogen. Labels: Inferred, High ##### SB 1047 proposed mandatory pre-deployment testing, third-party audits, kill switch capabilities, and whistleb… Id: claim_339f1a4eb471a9af06452fba Parent: claim_2b575934c2a7ac49c01fb57c Depth: 3 SB 1047 proposed mandatory pre-deployment testing, third-party audits, kill switch capabilities, and whistleblower protections for models trained using over 10^26 FLOPs or costing over $100 million. Labels: Source-linked, High ##### SB 1047 passed the California Assembly (48–16) and Senate (30–9) in August 2024. Id: claim_37d3f05c50ccc0ae81cf4232 Parent: claim_2b575934c2a7ac49c01fb57c Depth: 3 SB 1047 passed the California Assembly (48–16) and Senate (30–9) in August 2024. Labels: Source-linked, Medium ##### Opposition to SB 1047 included Andreessen Horowitz (a16z), the Chamber of Progress, TechNet, and Meta. Id: claim_778f870e48a115db1d8d9dd9 Parent: claim_2b575934c2a7ac49c01fb57c Depth: 3 Opposition to SB 1047 included Andreessen Horowitz (a16z), the Chamber of Progress, TechNet, and Meta. Labels: Inferred, High ##### Geoffrey Hinton, Yoshua Bengio, and Stuart Russell formally endorsed the guardrails proposed in SB 1047. Id: claim_79c8426308175bf0227fe37e Parent: claim_2b575934c2a7ac49c01fb57c Depth: 3 Geoffrey Hinton, Yoshua Bengio, and Stuart Russell formally endorsed the guardrails proposed in SB 1047. Labels: Inferred, Medium ##### Advanced LLMs possess multi-modal planning and code execution capabilities that could potentially automate ne… Id: claim_ae2d2fade16c1cbbac9d995e Parent: claim_a36728793ffa1455c1ee14b7 Depth: 3 Advanced LLMs possess multi-modal planning and code execution capabilities that could potentially automate network exploitation and discover zero-day vulnerabilities. Labels: Inferred, High ##### Model safety cannot be verified by source code inspection alone, necessitating dynamic adversarial red-teamin… Id: claim_e36ea910ba29865a1efb2bbc Parent: claim_b9292b9708d6b96103583ed6 Depth: 3 Model safety cannot be verified by source code inspection alone, necessitating dynamic adversarial red-teaming to discover hidden hazardous capabilities. Labels: Inferred, Medium ###### Red-teaming protocols include testing for "autonomous replication" capabilities to prevent models from acquir… Id: claim_87b43616035481bb7535ffbf Parent: claim_e36ea910ba29865a1efb2bbc Depth: 4 Red-teaming protocols include testing for "autonomous replication" capabilities to prevent models from acquiring resources without human oversight. Labels: Inferred, High