# For: 16 Sourced Claims, Contested Facts & Evidence Holdings that support an affirmative answer, each with the opinion cited. Authors: djwide HTML: https://moyomap.com/maps/for Markdown: https://moyomap.com/maps/for.md License: HTML and markdown are for reading and citation. Bulk copying and AI training need a written license. See /terms and /developers#maps-data. Cite a claim as: MoyoMap, "For: 16 Sourced Claims, Contested Facts & Evidence", claim {id}, https://moyomap.com/maps/for.md#{id}. “Moyo, a product of SenTeGuard Inc.” ### Post-Lindke, federal courts consistently require plaintiffs to prove an official had 'actual authority' to sp… Id: claim_2e07a6c7ffc45a1cc8a89e74 Parent: topic_OIraQGUgSSfZG0D76Qcc Depth: 1 Post-Lindke, federal courts consistently require plaintiffs to prove an official had 'actual authority' to speak for the state to establish state action in social media blocking cases. Labels: Source-linked, Medium ### The Supreme Court has established foundational tests for determining whether private conduct constitutes stat… Id: claim_578a288f1abba99101fe4a90 Parent: topic_OIraQGUgSSfZG0D76Qcc Depth: 1 The Supreme Court has established foundational tests for determining whether private conduct constitutes state action. Labels: Source-linked, Low ### Supreme Court precedent in Lindke v. Id: claim_89173b10572d87b7c977e4fc Parent: topic_OIraQGUgSSfZG0D76Qcc Depth: 1 Supreme Court precedent in Lindke v. Freed (2024) limits liability for mixed-use accounts to instances where blocking prevents interaction with official state posts. Labels: Source-linked, Medium ### Public officials retain their private First Amendment rights to curate engagement on social media accounts th… Id: claim_f0934be02c89ce6684913b55 Parent: topic_OIraQGUgSSfZG0D76Qcc Depth: 1 Public officials retain their private First Amendment rights to curate engagement on social media accounts they maintain privately, even when discussing public matters. Labels: Inferred, Medium #### Section 1983 liability requires that the challenged action be attributable to the state, not a private person… Id: claim_03a86df885e9e408d9d4c8f7 Parent: claim_f0934be02c89ce6684913b55 Depth: 2 Section 1983 liability requires that the challenged action be attributable to the state, not a private person, even when using standard social media blocking settings. Labels: Source-linked, Low #### Using a social media account to announce job updates or discuss official duties does not automatically classi… Id: claim_29dedc5ad72ae289b627b083 Parent: claim_f0934be02c89ce6684913b55 Depth: 2 Using a social media account to announce job updates or discuss official duties does not automatically classify account management or blocking decisions as state action. Labels: Inferred, Medium #### Public employees performing tasks that do not rely on coercive governmental authority act in an individual ca… Id: claim_34f07fd47b85fa8711190936 Parent: claim_89173b10572d87b7c977e4fc Depth: 2 Public employees performing tasks that do not rely on coercive governmental authority act in an individual capacity and are not liable under § 1983. Labels: Source-linked, Low #### The Supreme Court vacated a lower court judgment in O'Connor-Ratcliff v. Id: claim_4a6f830db0142af7c6816c9a Parent: claim_f0934be02c89ce6684913b55 Depth: 2 The Supreme Court vacated a lower court judgment in O'Connor-Ratcliff v. Garnier (2024) that relied on an 'appearance and content' standard for state action. Labels: Source-linked, Medium #### The Fifth Circuit affirmed summary judgment for a state senator in Detiege v. Id: claim_6c7792e383a68f0483daf345 Parent: claim_2e07a6c7ffc45a1cc8a89e74 Depth: 2 The Fifth Circuit affirmed summary judgment for a state senator in Detiege v. Jackson (2026) because plaintiffs failed to show the senator had statutory authority to speak for the state. Labels: Inferred, Medium #### State action requires that the state itself be legally responsible for the specific act of blocking, rather t… Id: claim_6c8cc6c86d1d78186fb4870a Parent: claim_f0934be02c89ce6684913b55 Depth: 2 State action requires that the state itself be legally responsible for the specific act of blocking, rather than just the official's status. Labels: Inferred, Low #### Merely hosting a forum for public speech does not transform a private entity or operator into a state actor s… Id: claim_92e416c0d216e86bb7c27808 Parent: claim_89173b10572d87b7c977e4fc Depth: 2 Merely hosting a forum for public speech does not transform a private entity or operator into a state actor subject to First Amendment constraints. Labels: Inferred, Low #### The Tenth Circuit confirmed in Martinez v. Id: claim_b8146365327d296a1709ec4d Parent: claim_2e07a6c7ffc45a1cc8a89e74 Depth: 2 The Tenth Circuit confirmed in Martinez v. City of Aurora (2026) that 'apparent authority' is insufficient to satisfy the § 1983 'color of law' requirement post-Lindke. Labels: Source-linked, Medium #### The Eighth Circuit held in Campbell v. Id: claim_c4e8d1032b3b738a2fa41088 Parent: claim_89173b10572d87b7c977e4fc Depth: 2 The Eighth Circuit held in Campbell v. Reisch (2021) that a representative's Twitter account used for updates and constituent feedback was not state action, even when blocking critics. Labels: Source-linked, Medium #### In DeVore v. Id: claim_da5bad63d6eb8cf338088d42 Parent: claim_2e07a6c7ffc45a1cc8a89e74 Depth: 2 In DeVore v. McCombie (N.D. Ill. 2026), the court dismissed a complaint against a legislative leader, ruling that general legislative duties do not constitute 'actual authority' under Lindke. Labels: Inferred, Medium #### Lugar v. Id: claim_e5fd5e1f13d2a1630c3bb430 Parent: claim_578a288f1abba99101fe4a90 Depth: 2 Lugar v. Edmondson Oil Co. (1982) established that § 1983 liability requires the deprivation to be caused by a state-created right and the party charged to be a state actor. Labels: Source-linked, Low #### The Eleventh Circuit held in Taylor v. Id: claim_fc3f0226bcda0f96649ef0f4 Parent: claim_89173b10572d87b7c977e4fc Depth: 2 The Eleventh Circuit held in Taylor v. Palmer (2023) that qualified immunity protects officials who blocked constituents because the First Amendment status of such accounts was not clearly established. Labels: Inferred, Medium